What is wine primarily made from?

Wine is primarily made from grapes, which are crushed and fermented to produce the final product. The fermentation process involves the conversion of the sugars present in the fruit into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast. This makes grapes uniquely suited for winemaking due to their natural sugars, acidity, and flavor compounds, which contribute to the diverse range of styles and characteristics found in wines.

The other options refer to alcoholic beverages made from different base ingredients: barley is used for beer, potatoes for vodka, and wheat for some types of beer or spirits. Each of these ingredients undergoes distinct processes that cater to their specific characteristics, leading to different types of alcoholic beverages that are fundamentally different from wine, which is exclusively derived from grapes.